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Diversification to Augment Farmers' Incomes and Promote Sustainable Agriculture in Punjab and Haryana

Author

Listed:
  • Reena Singh

    (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER))

  • Ashok Gulati

  • Purvi Thangaraj

Abstract

Punjab and Haryana have long played a pioneering role in shaping India's agricultural transformation, when it was needed the most. With the adoption of input-intensive technologies during the Green Revolution, Punjab emerged as the leader in transforming Indian agriculture during the 1970s and 1980s, with Haryana following closely. This transformation led to a substantial increase in wheat and rice productivity, thereby significantly strengthening government procurement of these staple crops and ensuring food security of the country. Further, India has emerged as the largest producer of rice in the world and also the largest exporter with a share of 40 per cent in global exports of rice during Marketing Year 2025 (USDA, 2026). At the same time, the environmental costs of sustaining national food security have been substantial. Intensive paddy (rice) cultivation practices have placed severe stress on natural resources, leading to the degradation of land and depletion of groundwater in both states. Yet, farmers continue to grow this crop due to profitability and its assured procurement from the government.

Suggested Citation

  • Reena Singh & Ashok Gulati & Purvi Thangaraj, 2026. "Diversification to Augment Farmers' Incomes and Promote Sustainable Agriculture in Punjab and Haryana," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Report 26-r-13, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-13
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