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Revenue Decentralization and Vertical Fiscal Imbalance: A Survey

Author

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  • Manuel E. Lago

    (Paris School of Economics and International Center for Decentralization and Governance (IDEAGOV))

  • Santiago Lago-Penas

    (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela and IDEAGOV)

  • Jorge Martinez-Vazquez

    (Public Finance Research Cluster, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University)

  • Cristian Sepulveda

    (Farmingdale State College, State University of New York and IDEAGOV)

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive and updated survey of subnational revenue autonomy and vertical fiscal imbalance in fiscally decentralized systems. We argue that progress in understanding the effects of revenue decentralization has been fundamentally shaped by how it is measured, and that the widespread reliance on transfer-dependence proxies has generated persistent inconsistencies in the empirical literature. Moreover, distinguishing between optimal, actual, and excess Vertical Fiscal Imbalance is essential for policy design. We focus on the effects of revenue autonomy in enhancing spending efficiency, strengthening accountability, and promoting fiscal discipline, while also shaping outcomes in macroeconomic stability, economic growth, and regional redistribution. While the intricate nature of the subject does not allow for an all-inclusive survey, we aim to provide a thorough examination of the most salient effects of subnational revenue autonomy and the pervasiveness of vertical fiscal imbalances. We conclude by highlighting priorities for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel E. Lago & Santiago Lago-Penas & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez & Cristian Sepulveda, 2026. "Revenue Decentralization and Vertical Fiscal Imbalance: A Survey," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper2617, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    • Handle: RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper2617
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