Detecting Copula Structural Changes: A Smooth Testing Approach

This paper develops novel smooth tests for structural changes in the innovation copula of multivariate dynamic models. We characterize deviations from copula constancy through a collection of generalized Fourier coefficients and test their joint significance. Under the null hypothesis, estimation of the dynamic parameters and the unknown marginals has no first-order estimation effect on the proposed statistics. Consequently, the feasible tests based on estimated residuals are asymptotically equivalent to their infeasible counterparts based on the unobserved innovations, yielding a desirable oracle property. Our proposed tests are asymptotically $\chi^2$-distributed and possess nontrivial power against local alternatives that approach the null at the parametric rate. To enhance the practicability of our methods, we further develop a data-driven procedure that automatically selects the truncation orders of the basis expansions. Unlike existing methods based on empirical copula processes or kernel smoothing, our tests require neither computationally intensive bootstrap procedures nor bandwidth selection. Extensive simulations demonstrate the satisfactory empirical size and power of our proposed tests. In particular, the data-driven test delivers substantial power gains under sparse alternatives, while remaining competitive under dense alternatives. Applications to exchange rates and stock returns further illustrate the practical usefulness of the proposed methods.