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The Italian Municipality Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Index (MESWI)

Author

Listed:
  • Nicola Caravaggio
  • Giuliano Resce
  • Agapito Emanuele Santangelo

Abstract

This paper develops the Municipal Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Index (MESWI) for all Italian municipalities, extending the 12-domain BES framework to the local level through 49 indicators. Results reveal substantial territorial heterogeneity that regional and provincial statistics may conceal. The North-South divide remains the dominant geographical pattern and is considerably stronger than the difference between inner and non-inner areas. At the same time, municipalities within the same regions and territorial categories display markedly different well-being profiles. Remoteness is associated with weaker services and socio-economic opportunities but also with stronger environmental performance. The MESWI provides a fine-grained picture of multidimensional well-being and a potential information base for the programming, monitoring and evaluation of place-based policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Caravaggio & Giuliano Resce & Agapito Emanuele Santangelo, 2026. "The Italian Municipality Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Index (MESWI)," Papers 2608.26426, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2608.26426
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    File URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.26426
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