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Knowledge-Integrated Representation Learning for Crypto Anomaly Detection under Extreme Label Scarcity; Relational Domain-Logic Integration with Retrieval-Grounded Context and Path-Level Explanations

Author

Listed:
  • Gyuyeon Na
  • Minjung Park
  • Soyoun Kim
  • Jungbin Shin
  • Sangmi Chai

Abstract

Detecting anomalous trajectories in decentralized crypto networks is fundamentally challenged by extreme label scarcity and the adaptive evasion strategies of illicit actors. While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) effectively capture local structural patterns, they struggle to internalize multi hop, logic driven motifs such as fund dispersal and layering that characterize sophisticated money laundering, limiting their forensic accountability under regulations like the FATF Travel Rule. To address this limitation, we propose Relational Domain Logic Integration (RDLI), a framework that embeds expert derived heuristics as differentiable, logic aware latent signals within representation learning. Unlike static rule based approaches, RDLI enables the detection of complex transactional flows that evade standard message passing. To further account for market volatility, we incorporate a Retrieval Grounded Context (RGC) module that conditions anomaly scoring on regulatory and macroeconomic context, mitigating false positives caused by benign regime shifts. Under extreme label scarcity (0.01%), RDLI outperforms state of the art GNN baselines by 28.9% in F1 score. A micro expert user study further confirms that RDLI path level explanations significantly improve trustworthiness, perceived usefulness, and clarity compared to existing methods, highlighting the importance of integrating domain logic with contextual grounding for both accuracy and explainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Gyuyeon Na & Minjung Park & Soyoun Kim & Jungbin Shin & Sangmi Chai, 2026. "Knowledge-Integrated Representation Learning for Crypto Anomaly Detection under Extreme Label Scarcity; Relational Domain-Logic Integration with Retrieval-Grounded Context and Path-Level Explanations," Papers 2601.12839, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2601.12839
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Minjung Park & Gyuyeon Na & Soyoun Kim & Sunyoung Moon & HyeonJeong Cha & Sangmi Chai, 2025. "HyPV-LEAD: Proactive Early-Warning of Cryptocurrency Anomalies through Data-Driven Structural-Temporal Modeling," Papers 2509.03260, arXiv.org.
    2. Jianguo Sun & Yifan Jia & Yanbin Wang & Yiwei Liu & Zhang Sheng & Ye Tian, 2024. "Ethereum Fraud Detection via Joint Transaction Language Model and Graph Representation Learning," Papers 2409.07494, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2025.
    3. Mark Weber & Giacomo Domeniconi & Jie Chen & Daniel Karl I. Weidele & Claudio Bellei & Tom Robinson & Charles E. Leiserson, 2019. "Anti-Money Laundering in Bitcoin: Experimenting with Graph Convolutional Networks for Financial Forensics," Papers 1908.02591, arXiv.org.
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