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A Theoretical Framework Bridging Model Validation and Loss Ratio in Insurance

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  • C. Evans Hedges

Abstract

This paper establishes the first analytical relationship between predictive model performance and loss ratio in insurance pricing. We derive a closed-form formula connecting the Pearson correlation between predicted and actual losses to expected loss ratio. The framework proves that model improvements exhibit diminishing marginal returns, analytically confirming the actuarial intuition to prioritize poorly performing models. We introduce the Loss Ratio Error metric for quantifying business impact across frequency, severity, and pure premium models. Simulations show reliable predictions under stated assumptions, with graceful degradation under assumption violations. This framework transforms model investment decisions from qualitative intuition to quantitative cost-benefit analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Evans Hedges, 2025. "A Theoretical Framework Bridging Model Validation and Loss Ratio in Insurance," Papers 2512.03242, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2512.03242
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