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NMIXX: Domain-Adapted Neural Embeddings for Cross-Lingual eXploration of Finance

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  • Hanwool Lee
  • Sara Yu
  • Yewon Hwang
  • Jonghyun Choi
  • Heejae Ahn
  • Sungbum Jung
  • Youngjae Yu

Abstract

General-purpose sentence embedding models often struggle to capture specialized financial semantics, especially in low-resource languages like Korean, due to domain-specific jargon, temporal meaning shifts, and misaligned bilingual vocabularies. To address these gaps, we introduce NMIXX (Neural eMbeddings for Cross-lingual eXploration of Finance), a suite of cross-lingual embedding models fine-tuned with 18.8K high-confidence triplets that pair in-domain paraphrases, hard negatives derived from a semantic-shift typology, and exact Korean-English translations. Concurrently, we release KorFinSTS, a 1,921-pair Korean financial STS benchmark spanning news, disclosures, research reports, and regulations, designed to expose nuances that general benchmarks miss. When evaluated against seven open-license baselines, NMIXX's multilingual bge-m3 variant achieves Spearman's rho gains of +0.10 on English FinSTS and +0.22 on KorFinSTS, outperforming its pre-adaptation checkpoint and surpassing other models by the largest margin, while revealing a modest trade-off in general STS performance. Our analysis further shows that models with richer Korean token coverage adapt more effectively, underscoring the importance of tokenizer design in low-resource, cross-lingual settings. By making both models and the benchmark publicly available, we provide the community with robust tools for domain-adapted, multilingual representation learning in finance.

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  • Hanwool Lee & Sara Yu & Yewon Hwang & Jonghyun Choi & Heejae Ahn & Sungbum Jung & Youngjae Yu, 2025. "NMIXX: Domain-Adapted Neural Embeddings for Cross-Lingual eXploration of Finance," Papers 2507.09601, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2025.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2507.09601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guijin Son & Hanwool Lee & Nahyeon Kang & Moonjeong Hahm, 2023. "Removing Non-Stationary Knowledge From Pre-Trained Language Models for Entity-Level Sentiment Classification in Finance," Papers 2301.03136, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2023.
    2. Nhu Khoa Nguyen & Thierry Delahaut & Emanuela Boros & Antoine Doucet & Gael Lejeune, 2023. "Contextualizing Emerging Trends in Financial News Articles," Papers 2301.11318, arXiv.org.
    3. Yewon Hwang & Sungbum Jung & Hanwool Lee & Sara Yu, 2025. "TWICE: What Advantages Can Low-Resource Domain-Specific Embedding Model Bring? -- A Case Study on Korea Financial Texts," Papers 2502.07131, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2025.
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    1. Yewon Hwang & Sungbum Jung & Hanwool Lee & Sara Yu, 2025. "TWICE: What Advantages Can Low-Resource Domain-Specific Embedding Model Bring? -- A Case Study on Korea Financial Texts," Papers 2502.07131, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2025.

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