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Choosing an Estimator for Inflation Expectations: Mean vs Median

Author

Listed:
  • Andrea Collado-Chaves

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

The main purpose of this technical note is to guide users of the Monthly Survey of Inflation Expectations and Exchange Rate, conducted by the Central Bank of Costa Rica, in selecting the mean and median of the inflation expectations when both estimators are different. The time series of the mean and median since January 2006 to December 2019 were used to prove that, in average, the mean is statistically greater than the median. The positive outlier are in part responsible for this gap. These values appeared when the sample size was enlarged and the participation of entrepreneurs in the Survey was increased. They tend to decrease after December 2014 when 95% of the samples was replaced. In order to eliminate the outliers, two series were calculated: one without outliers and one without extreme observations. The results indicate that the four series: mean, mean without outliers, mean without extremes and median have bivariate correlation close to 1, therefore they measure the same expectations. When users must select only one estimator for a specific month, it is recommended to use the median if the mean is greater by 0.1 percentage points (p.p.) or more. If the time series is required, it is suggested to compare the results using the mean and median, and evaluate which one is better according to the research goals. ***Resumen: El objetivo de esta nota técnica es orientar a los usuarios de la Encuesta mensual de expectativas de inflación y tipo de cambio del Banco Central de Costa Rica, en el uso de la media y la mediana de las expectativas de inflación en aquellos meses en los cuales existen diferencias entre ambos estimadores. Se verificó que las diferencias entre la media y la mediana son estadísticamente significativas. También, se comprobó que la media está sesgada por valores atípicamente altos que comienzan a aparecer con mayor frecuencia, cuando se amplía el tamaño de la muestra y se aumenta la proporción de empresarios en la Encuesta, y tienden a disminuir después de diciembre de 2014, cuando se remplazó el 95% de los informantes. A fin de eliminar el efecto de los valores atípicos y extremos, se calcularon dos series de medias: una sin atípicos y otra sin extremos. Los resultados señalan que las cuatro series: media, media sin atípicos, media sin extremos y mediana, muestran correlaciones bivariadas cercanas a 1, es decir, miden lo mismo. Si los usuarios deben seleccionar una u otra medida para un mes específico, se recomienda usar la mediana siempre que la diferencia entre la media y mediana sea mayor a 0,1 puntos porcentuales (p.p.). Si se requiere de la serie temporal, se sugiere comparar los resultados utilizando la media y la mediana y evaluar cuál se ajusta mejor a los objetivos del análisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Collado-Chaves, 2020. "Choosing an Estimator for Inflation Expectations: Mean vs Median," Notas Técnicas 2002, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:nottec:2002
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    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • D84 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Expectations; Speculations

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