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Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations: New Empirical Evidence From Four Developing Countries

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  • Quisumbing, Agnes R.
  • Maluccio, John A.

Abstract

The paper reviews recent theory and empirical evidence testing unitary versus collective models of the household. In contrast to the unitary model, the collective model posits that individuals within households have different preferences and do not pool their income. Moreover, the collective model predicts that intrahousehold allocations reflect differences in preferences and "bargaining power" of individuals within the household. Using new household data sets from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and South Africa, we present measures of individual characteristics that are highly correlated with bargaining power, namely human capital and individually-controlled assets, evaluated at the time of marriage. In all country case studies we reject the unitary model as a description of household behavior, but to different degrees. Results suggest that assets controlled by women have a positive and significant effect on expenditure allocations toward the next generation, such as education and children's clothing. We also examine individual-level education outcomes and find that parents do not have identical preferences toward sons and daughters within or across countries.
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Suggested Citation

  • Quisumbing, Agnes R. & Maluccio, John A., 2000. "Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations: New Empirical Evidence From Four Developing Countries," Discussion Paper Briefs 15932, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ifpdpb:15932
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.15932
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    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15932/files/dp00084b.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Kosec, Katrina & Akramov, Kamiljon T. & Mirkasimov, Bakhrom & Song, Jie, 2018. "Aspirations and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan," IFPRI discussion papers 1786, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Huihui Liu & Gang Yang & Augustine Adira, 2026. "Subjective Job Quality and Fertility Intentions Among China’s New-Generation Migrant Workers," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 182(1), pages 1-46, March.
    3. Julien Brice Minkande, 2025. "Farm households facing food insecurity: Who is more resilient, Men or Women ?," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 27(3), pages 935-956, December.
    4. Quisumbing, Agnes R., 2003. "Food Aid And Child Nutrition In Rural Ethiopia," FCND Discussion Papers 16393, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    5. Paresh Kumar Sarma & Mohammad Jahangir Alam & Ismat Ara Begum & Sheikh Mohammad Sayem, 2025. "Simulating the impact of livestock extension services on technology adoption, women’s empowerment, and farm income in Bangladesh," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 27(3), pages 765-788, December.

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