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Drought and Famine Relationships in Sudan: Policy Implications

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  • Teklu, Tesfaye
  • von Braun, Joachim
  • Zaki, El Sayed

Abstract

Sudan experienced severe food shortage and famine during the 1970s and 1980s. For a country known for its vast agricultural resources, this is both unfortunate and ironic. This research report explores the basic factors that contributed to the recurrence of this phenomenon and identifies policies and actions for avoiding famines and achieving sound and sustainable food policies. The study demonstrates the complexity of policy for prevention, which encompasses macroeconomic reform, promotion of agricultural production and technological change, market development, employment promotion, and interventions for health and nutrition. The researchers extensively investigated all theses aspects from primarily field data gathered before and after the 1984-85 famines as well as from a secondary data. The analysis clearly indicates that famines in Sudan are more often than not a result of long-term policy failures, and in environments of political unrest and weak infrastructure, droughts, serve as a trigger to famine. Famines appears as short-term crisis, but this study and a parallel one by IFPRI in Ethiopia show that they arise out of long-term developments in policy, economic strategy, and ecology. This calls for research, such as this study, on these long- term factors, not just research into the short-term aspects of crises. The persistence of famine in Sudan in the 1990s shows that such long-term research has application to current situations and could be a great assistance to Sudan and to other countries in Sub- Saharan Africa with similar conditions. IFPRI hopes that policymakers will regard the research finding and the recommendations as valuable contributions to their endeavors to reduce and ultimately eliminate incidences of famine.

Suggested Citation

  • Teklu, Tesfaye & von Braun, Joachim & Zaki, El Sayed, 1991. "Drought and Famine Relationships in Sudan: Policy Implications," Research Reports 42119, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:iffp21:42119
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.42119
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    Cited by:

    1. Paul A. Dorosh & Ludovic Subran, 2011. "Food Aid, External Trade and Domestic Markets," Review of Market Integration, India Development Foundation, vol. 3(2), pages 161-179, August.
    2. Bhattarai, Saroj & Haddad, Lawrence James & Immink, Maarten D. C. & Kumar, Shubh K., 1996. "Managing interactions between household food security and preschooler health:," 2020 vision discussion papers 16, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Sassi, Maria & Cardaci, Alberto, 2013. "Impact of rainfall pattern on cereal market and food security in Sudan: Stochastic approach and CGE model," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 321-331.
    4. Ahmed, Shamseddin Musa, 2020. "Impacts of drought, food security policy and climate change on performance of irrigation schemes in Sub-saharan Africa: The case of Sudan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    5. Ueyama, Mika, 2007. "Income growth and gender bias in childhood mortality in developing countries," IFPRI discussion papers 739, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    6. Reardon, Thomas, 1997. "Using evidence of household income diversification to inform study of the rural nonfarm labor market in Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 735-747, May.
    7. Abdelrahman, Ali H., 1998. "Trends in Sudanese Cereal Production, Consumption, and Trade," Hebrew University of Jerusalem Archive 18365, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
    8. Courbois, Claude & Delgado, Christopher L. & Ehui, Simeon K. & Rosegrant, Mark W. & Steinfeld, Henning, 1999. "Livestock to 2020: the next food revolution," 2020 vision briefs 61, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    9. Barrett, Christopher B. & Reardon, Thomas, 2000. "Asset, Activity, And Income Diversification Among African Agriculturalists: Some Practical Issues," Working Papers 14734, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    10. D'Amato, Maurizio & Demissie, Tsegaye & Ferro-Luzzi, Anna & Morris, Saul S. & Taffesse, Samson, 2001. "Seasonal undernutrition in rural Ethiopia," Research reports 118, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    11. Saeed Solaymani, 2018. "Impacts of climate change on food security and agriculture sector in Malaysia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1575-1596, August.
    12. Haddad, Lawrence James & Zeller, Manfred, 1996. "How Can Safety Nets Do More with Less? General Issues with Some Evidence from Southern Africa," FCND Discussion Papers 97304, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    13. Faminow, Merle D., 1995. "Issues in valuing food aid: The cash or in-kind controversy," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 3-10, February.
    14. Siddig, Khalid, 2011. "Modeling the Impact of Drought on Agriculture and Food Security in Sudan," 2011 Conference: Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture, December 6-7, 2011, Rabat, Morocco 188123, Moroccan Association of Agricultural Economics (AMAEco).
    15. Haddad, Lawrence James & Pena, Christine & Nishida, Chizuru & Quisumbing, Agnes R. & Slack, Alison, 1996. "Food Security and Nutrition Implications of Intrahousehold Bias: A Review of Literature," FCND Discussion Papers 42682, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    16. Dorosh, Paul A. & Subran, Ludovic, 2009. "Food Aid, External Trade and Domestic Markets: Implications for Food Security in Darfur," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51453, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    17. Abdelmoneim Elnagheeb & Daniel Bromley, 1992. "Rainfed mechanized farming and deforestation in central Sudan," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 2(4), pages 359-371, July.
    18. Siddig A. Salih, 1994. "Sustainable Ecosystem in Africa: Managing Natural Forest in Sudan," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-1994-117, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    19. Amikuzuno, Joseph & Ogundari, Kolawole, 2013. "Price transmission Analysis and Associated Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Agricultural Markets: What Does the Literature Say?," 2013 Fourth International Conference, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia 160479, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    20. Alessandro De Matteis & Fethiye Burcu Turkmen Ceylan & Bereket Kebede, 2021. "Market resilience in times of crisis: The case of Darfur," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 1107-1127, August.
    21. F. T. M. Kilima, 2006. "Are Price Changes in the World Market Transmitted to Markets in Less Developed Countries? A Case Study of Sugar, Cotton, Wheat, and Rice in Tanzania," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp160, IIIS.
    22. Lundberg, Mattias K.A. & Diskin, Patrick K., 1994. "Targeting Assistance to the Poor and Food Insecure: A Review of the Literature," Food Security International Development Working Papers 54705, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

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