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Les Mauvaises Herbes De La Culture De La Tomate Hotes De Nematodes Phytophages Et De La Bacterie Pseudomonas Solanacearum En Guadeloupe

Author

Listed:
  • Caudron, F.
  • Fournet, J.
  • Grimault, V.
  • Kermarrec, A.
  • Prior, P.

Abstract

En Guadeloupe, la production de tomate est freinée par la présence, dans le sol, de la bactérie Pseudomonas solanacearum et de divers nématodes phytophages (flelicotylenchus, Mewidogyne, Pratylenclu, s, Rotylenchulus et Xiphinema). Un inventaire des mauvaises herbes de la culture de la tomate a été effectué a fin de déterminer celles qui hébergent la bactérie et des nématodes. Une analyse des systèmes racinaires des adventices prélevées en Grande-Terre et en Basse-Terre a été réalisée à cet effet au laboratoire. Les familles et les espèces les plus souvent rencontrées sur les parcelles étudiées (Portulaca oleracea, Ageratum conyzoides, Senna obtusifolia, Chamaesyce hirta), hébergent effectivement P. solanacearum en même temps que certains nématodes phytophages. Le caracfrre polyphage de ces nématodes a également été confirmé, ainsi que le faible nombre de mauvaises herbes hôtes la bactérie. Cette étude a mis en évidence un rôle négatif supplémentaire des mauvaises herbes clans l'écologie de la culture de tomate. Il apparaît, en zone tropicale où le désherbage est encore très souvent négligé, essentiel d'entretenir mieux les parcelles. ----- ln the French West Indies (Guadeloupe), tomato production is reduced by soil-borne bacteria (Pseudomonas solanacearum) and several phytophagous nematodes (llelicotylenchus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Rotylenclmlus and Xiplzinema). A survey of the weeds present in tomato plots bas been conducte.d in Grande-Terre and Basse-Terre of Guadeloupe in order to determine the hosts of the bacterium and nematodes by laboratory analysis of their root systems. The most fr~quent weed families and species (Portulaca oleracea, Ageratum c;Qnizoitles, Sen11a obtusifolia and Chamaesyce lzirta) are al 1 so hosts of Pseudomonas 'solanacearum and of some ph ytophagous nematotles. ·The large polyphagy of these nematodes has been underline. d. Tt appears that few weetls host the bacterium. This study stresses a supplementary negative role played by weeds in the ecology of tomato fields. Tt seems essential to keep up the plots, specially in tropical regions, where weeding remains too often neglected.

Suggested Citation

  • Caudron, F. & Fournet, J. & Grimault, V. & Kermarrec, A. & Prior, P., 1992. "Les Mauvaises Herbes De La Culture De La Tomate Hotes De Nematodes Phytophages Et De La Bacterie Pseudomonas Solanacearum En Guadeloupe," 28th Annual Meeting, August 9-15, 1992, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 258949, Caribbean Food Crops Society.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:cfcs92:258949
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.258949
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