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The Anatomy of Crop Insurance Policies and What U.S. Producers Chose, 2025

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  • Tsiboe, Francis

Abstract

This report documents how U.S. producers configured Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) policies between 2006 and 2025, from the production context through supplemental coverage. Drawing on USDA Risk Management Agency program level and producer level FCIP records, it maps insured acres and liabilities across policy layers, commodity groups, and regions. Key trends stand out: most liability sits in individual revenue plans, while area and index based plans cover more acres at lower value per acre; coverage has shifted into higher bands; and Enterprise Units, with much lower producer paid premiums, are now the main choice for individual plans. Yield-history options dominate the options layer, and supplemental coverage, though still small, expanded sharply in 2025 after subsidy increases. Written agreements cover a small and declining share of acres, a sign that diverse production is steadily moving inside the program’s standard offer. The report closes by tracing how confirmed 2026 and 2027 policy changes, led by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act subsidy increases and the phase out of prevented planting buy up coverage, may reshape these choices.

Suggested Citation

  • Tsiboe, Francis, 2026. "The Anatomy of Crop Insurance Policies and What U.S. Producers Chose, 2025," ARPC Report 404916, North Dakota State University.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:arpcre:404916
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.404916
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    2. Serrano, Enil & Gardner, Grant & Biram, Hunter, 2026. "Enhancing Crop Insurance Decisions with Data-Driven Tools," Numbered Extension Articles 402737, University of Kentucky, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    3. Baldwin, Katherine L. & Miller, Noah & Todd, Jessica E., 2026. "Risk Management Practices on U.S. Farms and Ranches, 1996–2020," Economic Information Bulletin 396453, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Chalise, Lekhnath & Coble, Keith H. & Barnett, Barry J. & Miller, J. Corey, 2017. "Developing Area-Triggered Whole Farm Revenue Insurance," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 42(01), pages 1-18, January.
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