Innovation and socio-economic development challenges in South Africa: An overview of indicators and trends

This working paper is based on a report undertaken for the Department of Science and Innovation. We begin by discussing the potential role of innovation in addressing the multiple pressing socio-economic challenges facing South Africa, and briefly reviewing selected international and national strategic initiatives for science, technology and innovation (STI) and development in South Africa. Developmental progress has been uneven across all dimensions of the socio-economic landscape and new ideas are needed to deliver transformative outcomes. Of particular relevance here is the role of innovation in catalysing, accelerating and supporting progress towards the addressing of these challenges. A more central positioning of an innovation-based approach, integrated across policy domains, could be fundamental to a shift away from ‘business as usual’ and to meaningful progress around South Africa’s socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The paper provides an overview of the high-level macro-economic social and environmental indicators and trends necessary to enhance an understanding of the role of innovation in creating sustainable and inclusive socio-economic development in the country. Specifically, key data and trends in the following domains in socio-economic development are presented here: economic growth; job creation; poverty alleviation; standards of living; skills development; export growth and competitiveness; climate change mitigation and adaption; renewable energy growth; access to and supply of clean water; high-quality healthcare services; and affordable food. In each domain, we also reflect on the possibilities of innovation for improved outcomes. Finally, the paper identifies some key directions for future research regarding the role of innovation in socio-economic development in South Africa.