The Problem of Food Insecurity in the Horn of Africa: The Essence and Main Forms of Manifestation

This research aims to identify the main essential characteristics and features of the manifestation of the food security problem in the Horn of Africa (HoA) in contemporary conditions and develop vectors for strengthening food security in the region on their basis. The research object is four HoA countries: Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, and Djibouti. The research methodology is based on complex processing, statistical analysis, and graphical interpretation of a wide range of statistical data on the food situation in HoA, taken from the databases of the UN, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, etc. The research confirmed the hypothesis that HoA is currently one of the most unstable and hungry regions of the world, which is directly related to the lack of political stability in the economic development of its member states. To address political instability and public administration challenges, Horn of Africa (HoA) countries are encouraged to expand their cooperation with leading global food market nations. Primarily, this involves partnering with China, which has successfully maintained efficient agricultural production despite droughts and limited natural resources. Additionally, strengthening ties with Russia is recommended to develop mutually beneficial trade in agricultural raw materials. This collaboration could also include creating joint Russian–African enterprises aimed at localizing the processing of Russian agricultural products within the HoA region.