Theoretical Foundation of University Autonomy, Accountability, Models of Western and Eastern Countries, and Implications for Vietnam’s University Autonomy and Accountability

Autonomy has been at the heart of the concept of a university. Derived from the Greek words for ‘self’ and ‘law or customary usage’, the term describes the practice of self-government that is considered a right and responsibility of higher education institutions (HEIs) (Snyder, 2002, p. 34). This chapter draws on the conceptual frameworks of university autonomy, academic freedom, and accountability. The chapter begins with reviewing various theories and streams of thought on university autonomy, such as those by Neave (1988, 2001), Tight (1991, 1998), King (2000), Magna Charta Universitatum Declaration (Jarab, 2008), UNESCO-based studies by Altbach et al. (2009) and university accountability by Olsen (2007), Romzek (2000), Dobbins and Jungblut (2020), and others. The purpose is to offer audience a comprehensive review of the theoretical foundation of university autonomy, academic freedom, and accountability. We also discuss different categories based on which university autonomy models are developed. Subsequently, the autonomy of academic programmes, finance, human resources, and university management will be covered. Finally, the chapter will analyse university autonomy practices in different countries in order to inform models of university governance and draw important lessons for Vietnam’s institutional context.