Overview of Public Governance

This chapter provides a discussion of public governance, defining it as the framework of structures, processes, and principles through which governments make decisions, implement policies, and manage public resources. It traces the evolution from traditional public administration to new public management and new public governance, highlighting shifts from hierarchical control to efficiency-driven reforms and collaborative, network-based approaches. The chapter outlines the principles of good governance, including accountability, transparency, combating corruption and promoting integrity, stakeholder participation, rule of law, responsiveness, equity and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, strategic vision, and ethical conduct. These principles are vital in fostering public trust, policy effectiveness, and citizen engagement. It discusses the interdependence between governance and public policy, emphasising how robust governance enables effective policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The chapter also addresses challenges such as corruption, weak institutional capacity, political resistance, resource constraints, and balancing short-term pressures with long-term goals. Finally, it proposes strategies to strengthen public governance through institutional reform, capacity building, anti-corruption measures, inclusive participation, and a value-based public service culture, positioning governance as central to sustainable national development and societal well-being.