Sustainable Resilient Strategies to Tackle Disruptions in the Era of Industry 5.0

The emergence and evolution of Industry 5.0 has coincided with the increase in disruptions. These disruptions can be caused by human actions, such as terror attacks and labor strikes, or by natural events like floods and pandemics. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed major weaknesses in production systems and supply chains in the presence of disruptions. The occurrence of disruptions not only affects the economic aspect of the supply chain but also has negative impacts on the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. To deal with disruptions, several traditional resilience strategies have been developed and used in different industries. Some of these resilience strategies have sustainability implications. Furthermore, focusing solely on sustainability makes production systems and supply chains more vulnerable to disruptions. Therefore, the interplay between sustainability and resilience must be properly addressed. New technologies of Industry 4.0 and its subsequent evolution into Industry 5.0 have provided significant potential to contribute to the resilience and sustainability of supply chains simultaneously. The pillars of Industry 5.0 rely on increased resilience, sustainability, and a human-centric approach. In this regard, this chapter first explores various aspects of resilience and sustainability issues in manufacturing supply chains. We will review the evolution of sustainability, proactive, and reactive resilience strategies, and the main approaches to balancing resilience and sustainability. Next, this chapter develops a framework for using the capabilities of new technologies such as blockchain to develop new resilience strategies, on the one hand, and to foster human-machine collaboration, on the other hand, to create a dynamic real-time optimization decision-making environment to ensure the sustainability and resilience of manufacturing supply chains. The proposed framework uses real-time disruption probability data to continuously update decisions and resilience strategies and addresses disruptions in a dynamic environment where the disruption probability of facilities and their interconnected links changes over time.