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Penalties for Childbirth in China: A Review of Empirical Evidence

In: Ageing in China

Author

Listed:
  • Lihua Guo

    (Minzu University of China)

  • Qianqian Ge

    (Minzu University of China)

Abstract

This chapter reviews the literature published in Chinese on birth penalties over a period when China’s fertility policy evolved from the one-child policy to the selective two-children policy and birth rewarding era. By analysing the empirical evidence of nearly 100 publications since 2000, this chapter shows that the penalties associated with one-child policy are severe and effective in discouraging families from having more than one child and consequently suppressing the total fertility rate through the procreation costs. In addition, career interruptions and wage penalties act as further deterrent for women to have children. Based on the findings in this chapter, we suggest that it is not enough to lift the restrictions on the number of children a family can have to boost the fertility rate. Removing motherhood penalties and building family friendly workplace are necessary to encourage women to have more children and mitigate the negative impact of population aging.

Suggested Citation

  • Lihua Guo & Qianqian Ge, 2023. "Penalties for Childbirth in China: A Review of Empirical Evidence," Springer Books, in: Xin Deng & Kym Fraser & Jie Shen (ed.), Ageing in China, chapter 0, pages 37-49, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-19-9681-8_3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9681-8_3
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