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The Levels of Regulation—National, Regional, Supranational and Global

In: Political Economy of Capitalisms

Author

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  • Robert Boyer

    (EHESS, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociale et Institut des Amériquesstitut des Amériques)

Abstract

The nation-State has been the territory of Fordism, i.e., the mode of development of the golden age in the United States. The progressive opening to foreign competition and still more the diffusion of modern financial instruments have drastically altered the levels of regulation. Some adjustments operate at the sector or local levels, others emerge at the supranational level with regional economic and monetary integration and some important markets are global. Such complex interdependences are polarized around a hierarchy among finance-led regimes, innovation and export-led ones and pure rentier regimes. This is an alternative to globalization and regulation theory stresses how difficult are national strategies facing the uncertainty and volatility of international relations away from the Bretton Woods accord.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Boyer, 2022. "The Levels of Regulation—National, Regional, Supranational and Global," Springer Books, in: Political Economy of Capitalisms, chapter 0, pages 261-305, Springer.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-19-3536-7_10
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-3536-7_10
    as

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