Conclusions: Discussion on Empirical Findings and the Way Forward: Who Benefits from the China–Africa Boom?

This chapter works as a conclusion and revisits strong economic relations developed in the last two decades between, Angola and Rwanda and China. It draws its discussion from the data and evidence presented in book’s chapters to show the major challenges and implications of China in Africa. This chapter addresses China’s investment impacts in Angola and Rwanda, considering an infrastructure-for-petroleum partnership, marketplace and political support between these three countries.This chapter brings together the empirical results and findings discussed throughout in all chapters of this book. Most governments in the continent now host Chinese investment, and though, they could ask China to diversify its investment to include sectors that are important for Africa’s long-term development-generate long-term and stable employment and bring technology to host country. However, it seems that African leaders always blame the West and now China for their own failure to free the continent from poverty and underdevelopment. I conclude with a call for African leaders to formulate unified Africa China policy as oppose to China–Africa policy.