The Potential Impacts of China–US BIT on China’s Manufacturing Industries

This chapter finds that the overall effect of the foreign direct investment (FDI) and thereby the China–US bilateral investment treaties (BIT) on Chinese manufacturing sector is positive, which raises the productivity and profitability of the firms, using various econometric models and other evidence. The manufacturing sector as a whole has already opened up to the world economy and needs to continue this process. The industries in the manufacturing sector do not need to be protected, except for in limited fields related to national security, scarce natural resources, and well-defined strategic sectors. Gradual lifting of the protection may be needed in the short run for a small number of vulnerable sectors. A moderate relaxing of the current restrictions will increase FDI in manufacturing from all countries by 4–8% under different assumptions. This effect will be small when only considering FDI from the US. BIT will be beneficial for Chinese firms to invest overseas and become global players. Domestic firms need to update their technology, reduce costs, and learn management skills from their foreign competitors, while using the national treatment terms in BIT to enter the fields that are not opened to domestic firms under current regulations. Domestic firms also need to set up firm-level global strategy and reallocate firm’s resources according to the changing investment environment, taking advantage of profit opportunities outside the domestic markets.