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Folklore Versus Genetics: A Mitochondrial DNA Investigation About the Origin and Antiquity of the Adi Sub-tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India

In: Advances in Growth Curve and Structural Equation Modeling

Author

Listed:
  • S. Krithika

    (Institute of Neurology, University College (UCL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy)

  • T. S. Vasulu

    (Indian Statistical Institute, Biological Anthropology Unit)

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms of five sub-tribes of Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh (Northeast India) were examined with the aim of investigating their extent of genetic variation; genetic relationships (maternal lineage) and population structure (fission–fusion), especially changes in genetic structure as a result of migration and settlement in the recent past history as described in rich folklore tradition. Samples from Panggi, Komkar, Padam, Minyong, and Pasi sub-tribes were analyzed for mtDNA hypervariable regions I and II, where Panggi and Komkar were sampled from Upper Siang district, Padam and Minyong samples were collected from villages of East Siang district, and Pasi was sampled from both East and Upper Siang districts. Macrohaplogroup M shows the highest frequency among Pasi (77.77%) and Padam (71.43%). While all the studied Komkar samples belong to haplogroup N, 60% of the Panggi samples belong to N. Gene diversity (1.000) and nucleotide diversity (0.2072–0.2989) values are high among the sub-tribes. Mean pair-wise differences for Adi sub-groups are found to vary between 8.523 (±4.134276) among Komkar and 11.3187 (±5.467784) among Minyong. AMOVA results indicate a fair degree of genetic differentiation among the Adi sub-tribes (FST: 0.13328). Phylogenetic and principal component analyses (PCA) depict a close cluster of Panggi, Minyong, and Pasi and distant location of Padam and Komkar groups. The size, shape, and pattern of the mismatch distribution vary in each of the sub-groups and significantly differ from the theoretical distribution. While Pasi and Minyong tend to show unimodal distribution, Komkar exhibits a bimodal tendency and Panggi depicts a multimodal distribution. The variation of the mismatch distribution curve, among the Adi sub-groups, reflects changes in their demographic size in the recent past that possibly had influenced their mtDNA profiles. The results based on mtDNA is in agreement with Adi folklore accounts of their historical warfare conflicts and tribal feuds which resulted in their fission–fusion population structure among the Adi regional populations.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Krithika & T. S. Vasulu, 2018. "Folklore Versus Genetics: A Mitochondrial DNA Investigation About the Origin and Antiquity of the Adi Sub-tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India," Springer Books, in: Ratan Dasgupta (ed.), Advances in Growth Curve and Structural Equation Modeling, pages 161-185, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-13-1843-6_11
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1843-6_11
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