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A Risk Ratio Approach to Multivariable Analysis of Survival in Longitudinal Studies of Wildlife Populations

In: Wildlife 2001: Populations

Author

Listed:
  • Michael R. Riggs

    (Section of Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources)

  • Kenneth H. Pollock

    (North Carolina State University, Department of Statistics)

Abstract

Increasingly, biologists, and biometricians are employing Cox’s proportional hazards model to analyze survival data from radiotelemetric studies of wildlife populations. However, none of the recently published investigations have taken full advantage of the mathematical relationships that underlie the model, or of the simple, but effective interpretation of complex associations that can be derived from them. In this paper we introduce the concept of the risk ratio (RR), a measure of association between death and a putative predictor variable, that has a long history of application in epidemiology. We then derive the proportional hazards model as a multivariable function of hazard ratios from which we compute interval estimates of RR for a variety of independent predictors (dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous). We show that each RR can be interpreted as a measure of the change in the probability of death, associated with a discrete change in the level of a predictor, when all other predictors are held constant. These ideas are extended to allow for the interpretation of confounding and/or the effects of staggered entry of animals into the study. We illustrate this approach by the analysis of a data set from a recent radiotelemetric field study.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael R. Riggs & Kenneth H. Pollock, 1992. "A Risk Ratio Approach to Multivariable Analysis of Survival in Longitudinal Studies of Wildlife Populations," Springer Books, in: Dale R. McCullough & Reginald H. Barrett (ed.), Wildlife 2001: Populations, pages 74-89, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-94-011-2868-1_8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2868-1_8
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