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Seismic methods

In: Geophysical Interpretation using Integral Equations

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  • L. Eskola

    (Geological Survey of Finland)

Abstract

Seismic methods make use of the fact that elastic waves propagate with different velocities in different rocks (see [9, Table 7.2]). A seismic survey is conducted by gene rating a seismic disturbance in the earth and then recording the transmitted scattered waves with aseries of geophones. The disturbance propagates from the source point into the surrounding medium as two isolated wave modes, namely compressional (P) and shear (S) waves that expand with characteristic velocities c p and c s, respectively. In a homogeneous isotropic medium, such a P or S wave continues to propagate as a P or S wave, but should discontinuity surfaces be present, the waves are scattered (refracted, reflected or diffracted). Scattering processes are also associated with mode conversion, resulting in the conversion of P waves into S waves and vice versa. The times required by scattering waves to travel from discontinuities to the geophones are used to derive subsurface structural information. Further description of the techniques of measurement, processing and interpretation in seismic surveys may be found in [9] and [33].

Suggested Citation

  • L. Eskola, 1992. "Seismic methods," Springer Books, in: Geophysical Interpretation using Integral Equations, chapter 7, pages 158-176, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-94-011-2370-9_7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2370-9_7
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