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Internal Symmetries of Differential Equations

In: Modern Group Analysis: Advanced Analytical and Computational Methods in Mathematical Physics

Author

Listed:
  • Ian Anderson

    (Utah State University, Department of Mathematics)

  • Niky Kamran

    (McGill University, Department of Mathematics)

  • Peter J. Olver

    (University of Maryland, Department of Mathematics
    University of Minnesota, School of Mathematics)

Abstract

Bäcklund’s Theorem, which characterizes contact transformations, is generalized to give an analogous characterization of “internal symmetries” of systems of differential equations. For a wide class of systems of differential equations, every internal symmetry comes from a first order generalized symmetry and, conversely, every first order generalized symmetry satisfying certain explicit contact conditions determines an internal symmetry. We analyze the contact conditions in detail, deducing powerful necessary conditions for a system of differential equations admit “genuine” internal symmetries, i.e., ones which do not come from classical “external” symmetries. Applications include a direct proof that both the internal symmetry group and the first order generalized symmetries of a remarkable differential equation due to Hilbert and Cartan are the noncompact real form of the exceptional simple Lie group G 2.

Suggested Citation

  • Ian Anderson & Niky Kamran & Peter J. Olver, 1993. "Internal Symmetries of Differential Equations," Springer Books, in: N. H. Ibragimov & M. Torrisi & A. Valenti (ed.), Modern Group Analysis: Advanced Analytical and Computational Methods in Mathematical Physics, pages 7-21, Springer.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-94-011-2050-0_2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2050-0_2
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