Changes in National, Economic, and Corporate Relations

This chapter discusses changes in the relationship among nation, economy, and enterprises in Germany’s political economy, which were significant to business management and the development of industrial concentration. It focuses on the issues of economic order, national industrial policy, competition policy, anti-­monopoly policy, and trade policy. It considers the characteristics of postwar Japanese relationships among the nation, economy, and enterprises, and the subsequent changes in Germany. The major issues are Germany’s social market economy and currency reform, the nation’s investment aid policy, anti-monopoly policy, and European integration efforts by Germany’s trade policy. It examines the anti-­monopoly policy reform in relation to the US occupation policy, Germany’s initiatives, basic characteristics of The Restrictive Trade Practices Act, and the cooperative characteristics of German capitalism.