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U.S. Export Controls and Sanctions

In: OFAC Settlement Agreements

Author

Listed:
  • Darius O. Schindler

    (CiTEX Forschungsgesellschaft mbH)

Abstract

ZusammenfassungDer rechtliche Rahmen der US-Exportkontroll- und Sanktionspraxis bildet die Grundlage der analysierten OFAC-Settlement-Verfahren. Zentrales Element ist die güterbezogene Exportkontrolle nach den Export Administration Regulations (EAR), die seit dem Export Control Reform Act (ECRA) von 2018 auf einer dauerhaften gesetzlichen Basis beruht und über Reexporte, De-minimis-Regel und Foreign Direct Product Rule erhebliche extraterritoriale Wirkung entfaltet. Ergänzend beruhen die US-Wirtschaftssanktionen überwiegend auf präsidialen Executive Orders, die auf delegierten Kongressbefugnissen – insbesondere nach dem IEEPA – basieren und in zahlreichen länder-, themen- und sektorbezogenen Programmen konkretisiert sind. Sekundäre Sanktionen und listenbasierte Maßnahmen, vor allem die SDN-Liste, verleihen diesem Regime eine globale Durchsetzungskraft, sodass seine praktische Relevanz für Nicht-US-Unternehmen maßgeblich durch die behördliche Enforcement-Praxis und Settlement-Verfahren bestimmt wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Darius O. Schindler, 2026. "U.S. Export Controls and Sanctions," Springer Books, in: OFAC Settlement Agreements, chapter 4, pages 15-22, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-658-50017-7_4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-50017-7_4
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