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Cross-Over Design

In: Experimental Design and Model Choice

Author

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  • Helge Toutenburg

    (University of Munich, Institute of Statistics)

Abstract

Clinical trials form an important part of the examination of new drugs or medical treatments. The drugs are usually assessed by comparing their effects on human subjects. From an ethical point of view, the risks which patients might be exposed to must be reduced to a minimum and also the number of individuals should be as small as statistically required. Cross-over trials follow the latter, treating each patient successively with two or more treatments. For that purpose, the individuals are divided into randomized groups in which the treatments are given in certain orders. In a 2×2 design, each subject receives two treatments, conventionally labelled as A and B. Half of the subjects receive A first and then cross over to B while the remaining subjects receive B first and then cross over to A. Between two treatments a suitable period of time is chosen, where no treatment is applied. This washout period is used to avoid the persistence of a treatment applied in one period to a subsequent period of treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Helge Toutenburg, 1995. "Cross-Over Design," Springer Books, in: Experimental Design and Model Choice, chapter 8, pages 263-306, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-642-52498-1_8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-52498-1_8
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