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Modern Epidemiologic Study Designs

In: Handbook of Epidemiology

Author

Listed:
  • Philip H. Kass

    (University of California, Department of Population Health and Reproduction 1018B Haring Hall School of Veterinary Medicine
    University of California, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Medicine)

  • Ellen B. Gold

    (University of California, Division of Epidemiology Department of Public Health Sciences)

Abstract

A fundamental challenge pervasive to all experimental and nonexperimental (observational) research is valid inference of causal effects. Although actions (through undefined mechanisms, but conventionally denoted by treatment, exposure, etc.) and reactions (e.g., disease, remission, cure) must occur by definition in individuals, the realm of epidemiology principally lies in the study of individuals in the aggregate, such as patients enrolled in clinical trials, participants in cohorts, and populations. Until recently, advancements in epidemiological methods developed in the last half-century have hence largely fallen into the domain of the two major observational study designs used: cohort and case-control studies (cf. Chap. I.5 and I.6 of this handbook).

Suggested Citation

  • Philip H. Kass & Ellen B. Gold, 2005. "Modern Epidemiologic Study Designs," Springer Books, in: Wolfgang Ahrens & Iris Pigeot (ed.), Handbook of Epidemiology, chapter 0, pages 321-344, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-540-26577-1_8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-26577-1_8
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