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Musculoskeletal Disorders

In: Handbook of Epidemiology

Author

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  • Hilkka Riihimäki

    (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics)

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders are a significant public health problem in industrialised countries. They are one of the leading causes of short- and long-term disability and cause high costs due to loss of productivity, burden on health care services and social security systems. It has been estimated that the cost of back pain only is 1–2% of the gross national product. About 10% is due to direct health care costs and 90% due to indirect costs (Norlund and Waddell 2000). In this chapter the focus is in morbidity and aetiology of musculoskeletal disorders. The social consequences, such as disability are not discussed, because disability-related issues depend on the societal context, such as cultural factors and social security regulations, to the extent that cross-national comparisons cannot be made. Firstly, an overview is given of the occurrence and risk factors of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, back and neck disorders, osteoarthritis, upper limb disorders, and osteoporosis. Secondly, some methodological problems in epidemiological research, characteristic for musculoskeletal disorders, are discussed including general study design, and assessment of both health outcome and exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Hilkka Riihimäki, 2005. "Musculoskeletal Disorders," Springer Books, in: Wolfgang Ahrens & Iris Pigeot (ed.), Handbook of Epidemiology, chapter 0, pages 1443-1472, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-540-26577-1_37
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-26577-1_37
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