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Appraising Electoral Equality: Goodness-of-Fit Criteria

In: Proportional Representation

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  • Friedrich Pukelsheim

    (Universität Augsburg, Institut für Mathematik)

Abstract

Perfect electoral equality is a conceptual ideal defying reality. A certain degree of inequality must be tolerated in practice. Ways and means are discussed on how to numerically evaluate the inevitable residue of disproportionality. Three approaches are explored. A first approach investigates all-embracing goodness-of-fit criteria; that is, functions that measure a system’s deviation from ideal equality by a single real number. Different criteria are seen to lead to different methods. A second approach applies disparity functions to pairwise comparisons. The aim is to reduce a pending imbalance by transferring a seat from a party that is advantaged to another party that is disadvantaged. A third approach examines whether the parties’ realized shares of seats and ideal shares of seats are as close to each other as could be.

Suggested Citation

  • Friedrich Pukelsheim, 2017. "Appraising Electoral Equality: Goodness-of-Fit Criteria," Springer Books, in: Proportional Representation, edition 2, chapter 0, pages 185-205, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-319-64707-4_10
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64707-4_10
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