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Visualizing Four Dimensions in Special and General Relativity

In: Handbook of the Mathematics of the Arts and Sciences

Author

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  • Magdalena Kersting

    (University of Oslo, Department of Physics
    Swinburne University of Technology, ARC Centre of Excellence OzGrav)

Abstract

Modern physics unfolds on the stage of four-dimensional spacetime. Grappling with century-old ideas of space and time, Albert Einstein revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos by merging space and time into a four-dimensional entity that takes an active role in shaping the laws of physics. While experiments have repeatedly confirmed Einstein’s theories, the abstract character of this physical knowledge contradicts the common sense of many. Based on the physics of relativity and the mathematics of differential geometry, scientists have developed visualizations and representations of spacetime to make Einstein’s ideas more intelligible. This chapter explores the links between the mathematics of space and time and our historic struggle to visualize these concepts. Technology serves as the lens to unpack the fruitful interplay between mathematics, physics, and arts that has shaped our understanding of spacetime. Linking mathematical concepts with physical intuition and artistic vision, imaginative thinkers developed representations that led from simple spacetime diagrams and analogies to powerful numerical simulations and virtual environments that allow exploring the extreme physics of black holes and gravitational waves. Visualizations of spacetime continue to be an active field of research that is driven by interdisciplinary efforts to understand the cosmos.

Suggested Citation

  • Magdalena Kersting, 2021. "Visualizing Four Dimensions in Special and General Relativity," Springer Books, in: Bharath Sriraman (ed.), Handbook of the Mathematics of the Arts and Sciences, chapter 78, pages 2003-2038, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-319-57072-3_120
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57072-3_120
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