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Simple Elections II: Condorcet’s Method

In: The Mathematics of Elections and Voting

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  • W. D. Wallis

    (Southern Illinois University, Department of Mathematics)

Abstract

We have already seen that, when there is no majority, different sensible-sounding electoral methods may produce different results. In 1785 Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, a French mathematician and political theorist, proposed a technique involving multiple use of runoff elections. (A similar idea was proposed by Ramon Llull as long ago as 1299; see for example Bonner, Doctor illuminatus: a Ramon Llull reader. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993.) Condorcet’s work appeared in an essay entitled Essai sur l’Application de l’Analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix (Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority Decisions) (de Condorcet, Essai sur l’Application de l’Analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix. Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 1785). This work also described several other results, including Condorcet’s paradox, which shows that majority preferences become intransitive with three or more candidates.

Suggested Citation

  • W. D. Wallis, 2014. "Simple Elections II: Condorcet’s Method," Springer Books, in: The Mathematics of Elections and Voting, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 19-32, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-319-09810-4_3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09810-4_3
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