Navigating Mineral Intensity: Decolonising the Green Energy Transition

The transition to renewable energy is accelerating demand for critical minerals, making resource dependence central to decarbonisation efforts. This chapter examines mineral intensity in the green energy transition, analysing its sustainability, equity, and governance implications. It critiques how colonial extraction practices continue to shape global supply chains, reinforcing resource and economic disparities, particularly in the Global Majority (often referred to as the Global South). Decolonisation provides a framework for rethinking mineral governance, advocating for equitable resource distribution, responsible sourcing, and the integration of Indigenous knowledge systems. The chapter highlights the environmental and social costs of extraction and explores solutions such as circular economy models, supply chain transparency, and participatory governance. Empirical analysis reveals how contemporary mineral extraction replicates historical exploitation patterns, underscoring the urgency of policy interventions. Case studies illustrate how the alternative approach of community-led governance models foster sustainability by prioritising labour rights, environmental protections, and local agency. Achieving a just and sustainable energy transition requires moving beyond extractivist paradigms towards regenerative resource management. This chapter offers insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers to reimagine mineral supply chains that balance technological advancement with ethical resource stewardship.