Analysis of the Economy’s Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 and the Main Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 7

In the context of the redefinition of energy governance paradigms at EU level, SDG7—“Clean and affordable energy”—takes on profound strategic implications, being integrated transversally into European climate, economic and social policies. In a period characterized by multiple crises—marked simultaneously by energy insecurity, the intensifying effects of climate change, volatile energy prices and growing social gaps—the transition to a sustainable energy system becomes not only an environmental objective, but a sine qua non for the economic resilience and political cohesion of the Union. Within this framework, the European Union has taken on the role of a global normative actor in defining and implementing ambitious standards for decarbonization, energy efficiency and digitization of energy infrastructure. Through flagship initiatives such as the European Green Deal, REPowerEU and the new Energy Governance Framework established by Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, clear directions are mapped out for achieving climate neutrality by 2050, with ambitious intermediate milestones for 2030. In this complex regulatory and institutional ecosystem, SDG7 becomes a critical interface between environmental objectives and socio-economic imperatives, calling for a rigorous synchronization between national and European policies. The research aims to investigate, in an integrated and comparative approach, the extent to which the national economic strategies developed by Romania converge with the European guidelines on sustainable energy. Emphasis is placed on a critical analysis of the main statistical indicators related to SDG7, in order to assess the progress achieved and the structural constraints that prevent full alignment with the European dynamics. In this sense, the analysis reflects not only the differences in trajectory between Romania and the EU average but also the untapped potential of a coherent energy policy based on technological innovation, effective governance and social equity.