Power, Conflict, and Development: Unpacking the Stakes

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between power, conflict, and development, unpacking the ways in which struggles over resources, governance, and institutions shape economic and social outcomes in developing contexts. It argues that power asymmetries—whether between states, elites, or international actors—are at the core of development challenges, often fuelling conflict and undermining collective progress. Using insights from political economy and conflict theory, the chapter examines how competition for natural resources, land, and political control generates both violent and structural conflicts that hinder sustainable development. Drawing on examples from sub-Saharan Africa, the analysis highlights how elite capture, weak institutions, and externally imposed development agendas perpetuate cycles of inequality and instability. The chapter further interrogates the dual role of conflict as both a destructive force and, paradoxically, a catalyst for reform and transformation when managed constructively. By situating development within the context of contested power relations, the chapter demonstrates that peace, justice, and inclusive governance are not merely complementary to development but prerequisites for achieving it. Ultimately, the chapter calls for a rethinking of development strategies that integrate conflict sensitivity, equitable resource governance, and empowerment of marginalised voices in decision-making processes. Such an approach reframes power not only as an obstacle but also as a potential driver of inclusive development.