Carbon Markets in Africa: A Justice Perspective for Sustainable Development

This study argues that carbon emissions trading arrangements in sub-Saharan Africa, and by extension the Global South, do not foster sustainable development as required under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. By applying a Rawlsian notion of justice, particularly the difference principle, and extensively analysing available research, we identify such justice concerns. We assert that to achieve equitable outcomes, carbon markets should align with the Rawlsian difference principle of justice to promote sustainable development. Furthermore, by embracing the principles of operationalisation for carbon markets, established by the PA, we argue that states in the SSA can address many of the pitfalls and injustices created by earlier approaches to carbon markets in Africa. We also contend that incorporating the interests of the least advantaged party in the carbon trading arrangement is essential for achieving sustainable development and global climate action. If the carbon market practices in SSA fail to advance sustainable development, the objectives of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will not be realised. Adopting principles of Article 6 will accentuate justice, sustainable development, environmental integrity, and climate action in African carbon markets.