Integrated Care in Latin America

This chapter argues that striving for universal health coverage alone is insufficient in inequitable societies. Integrated care models that take into account social determinants are necessary. It discusses the Pan American Health Organization proposal of Integrated Health Services Networks (IHSNs) as a response to fragmented health systems in the Americas, advocating for community-centered primary care services integrated with specialized care. The importance of citizen empowerment and state accountability in securing the right to health is emphasized. Different approaches to integrated care are presented as case studies from Latin America, including Chile’s pilot program for universalizing primary care, Bolivia’s community-oriented health initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic, Costa Rica’s culturally sensitive maternity care models, and Buenos Aires’ social dialogue initiative for community-based mental health.