Women in Business: A Historical Perspective and Future Outlook in Malaysia

This chapter explores the historical evolution, present challenges, and future prospects of women’s participation in Malaysia’s business sector. As a review paper, it draws insights from a synthesis of policy documents, academic literature, and industry reports. By adopting a qualitative desk research approach, the chapter examines significant milestones, such as the New Economic Policy (1971) and the National Policy on Women (1989), alongside trends in labour force participation, entrepreneurship, and leadership roles. The methodology involves a thematic analysis of secondary data sources to uncover structural barriers, cultural norms, and policy-driven impacts that shape women's roles in business. Through this lens, the chapter identifies key enablers and challenges, emphasising the role of digital transformation, targeted policy reforms, and capacity-building initiatives in promoting gender inclusivity. The findings emphasise the necessity of targeted policy reforms, digital literacy programs, and educational efforts to bridge gender gaps in business participation. Future directions focus on fostering inclusivity through supportive networks, enhancing rural women’s entrepreneurship, and leveraging technology for equitable growth. The chapter concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders to ensure sustainable progress toward Malaysia’s National Entrepreneurship Policy (DKN) in 2030.