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Decentralization Levels of L2 Scaling Solutions on Ethereum

In: Tokenizing the Future

Author

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  • Lorenz Raphael Lehmann

    (RWTH Aachen University)

Abstract

Ethereum, a smart contract Layer 1 blockchain, faces scalability limits despite its robust architecture. Layer 2 (L2) solutions such as Channels, Plasma, Rollups and Validiums aim to boost throughput by offloading execution while retaining Ethereum’s security. Rollups, the leading L2 approach, introduce new actors (Sequencer, Prover, Verifier) which raise decentralization concerns. To address this, a framework defining decentralization levels (0–2) has emerged, guiding L2s toward greater trustlessness. While most L2s remain centralized, the community is actively progressing toward scaling Ethereum in a decentralized way.

Suggested Citation

  • Lorenz Raphael Lehmann, 2025. "Decentralization Levels of L2 Scaling Solutions on Ethereum," Springer Books, in: Wolfgang Prinz & Daniel Trauth (ed.), Tokenizing the Future, pages 103-110, Springer.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-031-91405-8_7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-91405-8_7
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