Ocean Wildlife and Megafauna Protection

The Earth’s oceans cover over 70% of the planet’s surface, making them the largest habitat on Earth and home to a vast array of life collectively known as ocean wildlife [6]. From the tiniest plankton that form the base of the marine food web to the majestic blue whales, marine ecosystems harbor an extraordinary diversity of species, each playing a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of these delicate environments [55]. The significance of ocean wildlife cannot be overstated, as these diverse marine organisms provide essential ecosystem services that support life on Earth [27]. Phytoplankton, for instance, play a vital role in producing oxygen through photosynthesis, contributing approximately 50% of the world’s oxygen supply [19]. Additionally, ocean wildlife plays a crucial role in regulating climate patterns by sequestering carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming [77]. By absorbing and storing carbon, marine ecosystems help mitigate the impacts of climate change (Duarte et al. 2005). Moreover, ocean wildlife serves as the foundation of marine food chains, sustaining various marine species and supporting the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide [57]. Fisheries and aquaculture industries heavily rely on healthy marine ecosystems to provide a steady supply of fish and seafood for human consumption [26]. The fishing industry, in particular, is a significant source of livelihood for coastal communities and contributes to food security and economic growth in many regions [72]. In addition to supporting fisheries, marine wildlife-based tourism has emerged as a substantial economic driver in coastal regions. Activities such as whale watching, diving, and ecotourism draw visitors from around the world, contributing to local economies and creating employment opportunities for communities in coastal areas [40].