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The State of Quebec Agriculture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Comparing French Canadian and Non-French Farmers

In: Lessons from a Successfully Export-Oriented, Resource-Rich Economy

Author

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  • Morris Altman

    (University of Dundee)

Abstract

A crucial finding of this chapter is that French Canadian farmers typically earned a lower agricultural income than did their non-French Canadian counterparts irrespective of the system of land tenure. Their income was further reduced by the tax imposed on them by the seigneurial system of land tenure. They were characterized by a much poorer productivity performance for all key outputs and typically operated on a much smaller scale than the non-French Canadian farmers. But to complicate matters, in the Montreal area, French Canadian farmers earned a higher agricultural income than did non-French Canadian farmers in spite of they being less productive and smaller, taking good advantage of the market opportunities. Some of the failings of French Canadian farmers can be attributed to institutional factors such as lack of agricultural education and the seigneurial tax.

Suggested Citation

  • Morris Altman, 2022. "The State of Quebec Agriculture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Comparing French Canadian and Non-French Farmers," Springer Books, in: Lessons from a Successfully Export-Oriented, Resource-Rich Economy, chapter 0, pages 143-197, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-031-03887-7_5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-03887-7_5
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