Introduction

Almost all countries of the world are experiencing the effects of climate change. Studies by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have established that climate change is no longer a regional problem but a global one. The enormous carbon footprint caused by burning large amounts of fossil fuels is mainly responsible for global warming and climate change. The unforeseen changes resulting from changing climatic patterns are severely impacting global food security. As a result of these changes, many parts of the world, like Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America, are suffering from severe reductions in food production. In particular, in recent years, Southeast Asian or ASEAN countries have also experienced crop damage or loss of crop production due to climate change impacts. Some prominent studies have predicted that 10% to 30% of crops may suffer damage due to a 1 °C temperature increase by 2030. Malaysia also faces some common issues related to climate change, particularly extreme temperature and uneven flooding. Among the different scientific demands, because of the seriousness of climate change, it calls for an urgent response. Methodologically, it is established that climate change affects most countries in the world. There are two approaches to combating the effects of climate change: climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation. Therefore, the research goal of this chapter is to propose climate change adaptation policies applying Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling for 50-year-scenario projections. This CGE model estimates scenario adaptation costs for the food sector based on economic trade-offs between climate change and its impacts. It also identifies suitable adaptation policy options to support a sustainable future for climate change adaptation strategies. However, these climate change adaptation scenarios will determine the capacity building options to support the overall adaptation policies in Malaysia. Although this CGE model has been calibrated specifically for the climate change adaptation scenarios of Malaysia, the scenario studies can serve as guidelines for other countries with similar levels of climate-change-related issues and socioeconomic conditions.