Official Statistics—An Introduction

Statistics is the science of learning from data. Certainly, it is a modern technology that is part of the standards of today’s information age and is used in a wide array of fields. Statistics is a method to reduce complexity, separate signals from noise and distinguish significant from random. Statistical results are used for knowledge creation and decision-making processes. Statistical institutions are the producers of statistics. Using scientific statistical methods, data is collected and existing data is processed in order to calculate condensed information (i.e. facts), which is made available to the general public in different forms, such as statistical aggregates, graphics, maps, accounts or indicators. This work will be concerned neither with statistics in general nor with the history of theoretical statistics. Rather, the goal is to describe the status quo for a particular area of application, namely ‘official statistics’, based on an analysis of its historical genesis in order then to deploy strategic lines for the near future of this domain. Central to this work is the quality of statistical information. Statistics can only develop a positive enlightenment effect on the condition that their quality is trusted. To ensure long-term trust in statistics, it is necessary to deal with questions of knowledge, quantification and the function of facts in the social debate. The more concrete an answer that can be given to such questions, the more possible it will be to protect statistics against inappropriate expectations and to address false criticism.