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Frequency Distributions

In: Understanding Statistics Using R

Author

Listed:
  • Randall Schumacker

    (University of Alabama)

  • Sara Tomek

    (University of Alabama)

Abstract

A histogram is a graph of a frequency distribution of numerical data for different categories of events, individuals, or objects. A frequency distribution indicates the individual number of events, individuals, or objects in the separate categories. Most people easily understand histograms because they resemble bar graphs often seen in newspapers and magazines. An ogive is a graph of a cumulative frequency distribution of numerical data from the histogram. A cumulative frequency distribution indicates the successive addition of the number of events, individuals, or objects in the different categories of the histogram, which always sums to 100. An ogive graph displays numerical data in an S-shaped curve with increasing numbers or percentages that eventually reach 100 %. Because cumulative frequency distributions are rarely used in newspapers and magazines, most people never see them. Frequency data from a histogram, however, can easily be displayed in a cumulative frequency ogive.

Suggested Citation

  • Randall Schumacker & Sara Tomek, 2013. "Frequency Distributions," Springer Books, in: Understanding Statistics Using R, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 55-73, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-1-4614-6227-9_4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6227-9_4
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