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Statistical Power and Sample Size

In: Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

Author

Listed:
  • Ton J. Cleophas

    (European Interuniversity College of Pharmaceutical Medicine Lyon
    Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Department Medicine)

  • Aeilko H. Zwinderman

    (Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department Biostatistics and Epidemiology)

  • Toine F. Cleophas

    (Technical University)

Abstract

Figure 1 shows 2 graphs of t-distributions. The lower graph (H1) could be a probability distribution of a sample of data or of a sample of paired differences between two observations. N = 20 and so 95% of the observations is within 2.901 ± 2. 101 standard errors of the mean (SEMs) on the x-axis (usually called z-axis in statistics). The upper graph is identical, but centers around 0 instead of 2.901. It is called the null-hypothesis H0, and represents the data of our sample if the mean results were not different from zero. However, our mean result is 2.901 SEMs distant from zero. If we had many samples obtained by similar trials under the same null-hypothesis, the chance of finding a mean value of more than 2.101 is

Suggested Citation

  • Ton J. Cleophas & Aeilko H. Zwinderman & Toine F. Cleophas, 2006. "Statistical Power and Sample Size," Springer Books, in: Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials, chapter 0, pages 67-78, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-1-4020-4650-6_5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4650-6_5
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