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Research Data Closer to Expectation than Compatible with Random Sampling

In: Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

Author

Listed:
  • Ton J. Cleophas

    (European Interuniversity College of Pharmaceutical Medicine Lyon
    Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Department Medicine)

  • Aeilko H. Zwinderman

    (Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department Biostatistics and Epidemiology)

  • Toine F. Cleophas

    (Technical University)

Abstract

Research data may be close to expectation. However, a difference from control of 0.000 is hardly compatible with random sampling. As it comes to well-balanced random sampling of representative experimental data, nature will be helpful to provide researchers with results close to perfection. However, because biological processes are full of variations, nature will never allow for 100% perfection. Statistical distributions can account for this lack of perfection in experimental data sampling, and provide exact probability levels of finding results close to expectation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ton J. Cleophas & Aeilko H. Zwinderman & Toine F. Cleophas, 2006. "Research Data Closer to Expectation than Compatible with Random Sampling," Springer Books, in: Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials, chapter 0, pages 117-123, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-1-4020-4650-6_10
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4650-6_10
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