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Behavioral and Spatial Optimization of Parcel Lockers in Urban Areas

Author

Listed:
  • Gabriella Colajanni

    (University of Catania, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)

  • Patrizia Daniele

    (University of Catania, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)

  • Daniele Sciacca

    (University of Catania, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)

Abstract

The expansion of e-commerce has intensified the need for efficient last-mile delivery solutions, with parcel lockers emerging as a promising alternative to traditional home deliveries. This paper presents a spatially grounded optimization model for the design of cost-efficient parcel locker networks in urban areas. The model simultaneously considers locker installation, decommissioning, and customer assignment decisions, integrating behavioral preferences through a continuous attractiveness function based on distance. Due to the model’s nonlinear and combinatorial nature, a tailored genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to explore near-optimal solutions efficiently. The methodology is validated on a synthetic instance and applied to a large-scale real-world case study in Catania (Italy), involving 2,793 demand nodes. Results show that the proposed approach significantly reduces operational costs while ensuring high service coverage (above 98%). The study highlights the GA’s ability to provide scalable and effective decision support for logistics planners and outlines potential future developments involving dynamic demand, environmental objectives, and multi-operator scenarios.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriella Colajanni & Patrizia Daniele & Daniele Sciacca, 2026. "Behavioral and Spatial Optimization of Parcel Lockers in Urban Areas," Springer Optimization and Its Applications,, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:spochp:978-3-032-07860-5_4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-07860-5_4
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