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E-government Tools to Formalise the Informal Economy

In: Formalization of the Informal Economy

Author

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  • Colin C. Williams

    (University of Sheffield)

Abstract

This chapter examines the range of e-government tools available to authorities to facilitate the transition to formality. On the one hand, it sets out the digital technologies that tax, social security, and labour authorities can use to enforce compliance with the laws and regulations among businesses, employers, workers, and citizens. These include multifarious deterrence e-tools that increase the real and/or expected costs of participation in the informal economy by improving the risk of detection and sanctions, along with a variety of e-tools to make participation in the formal economy easier and more beneficial on both the supply and demand sides. On the other hand, it sets out a range of digital technologies that can be used by enforcement authorities to encourage voluntary compliance. These are again of two types, namely, education and awareness-raising e-tools to change social norms and various e-initiatives to modernise formal institutions by making them more customer-friendly, not least to improve trust in government. The outcome is a review of the full e-toolbox available to authorities to facilitate the formalisation of the informal economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Colin C. Williams, 2023. "E-government Tools to Formalise the Informal Economy," SpringerBriefs in Economics, in: Formalization of the Informal Economy, chapter 0, pages 57-104, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:spbchp:978-3-031-37928-4_3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37928-4_3
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