Entrepreneurship Education in Secondary Education (15–18 Years) and Vocational Courses

This study analyses the role of entrepreneurship education in secondary education in Portugal, focusing on students aged 15–18 who are enrolled in scientific-humanistic or vocational courses. The study aims to explore how entrepreneurship education can contribute to the enhancement of vocational education while promoting skills essential for integration into the labour market. A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted, based on the analysis of official documents, case studies and scientific literature on educational policies, vocational training and entrepreneurship education programmes. In Portugal, secondary school students can choose between scientific-humanistic courses (level 3 qualification) and vocational courses (level 4), the latter of which have a strong practical component. Despite the increase in demand for this route, vocational education continues to face a social stigma that positions it as a second-rate choice. The integration of entrepreneurship education programmes has shown potential in promoting transversal skills. It is therefore considered a strategic tool for reconfiguring the image of vocational education and enhancing its attractiveness. The results suggest that entrepreneurship education can play a decisive role in preparing young people for a constantly changing labour market, while promoting alternative and inclusive educational pathways. In this sense, it is urgent to strengthen public policies that ensure the structured and sustained presence of entrepreneurship education in all secondary education pathways, as this is crucial for the future of vocational education in Portugal.